Validated reference · Reference models

Battery and Power Electronics Reference Models

Expose the thermal and DC-link assumptions before design detail hides them.

Two small, tested references connect current and heat rejection to cell temperature, and capacitor current or an energy pulse to DC-link ripple and capacitance.

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Engineering question

Which early thermal and DC-link assumptions should be made explicit before higher-fidelity design work begins?

Trace first-order battery temperature response and DC-link ripple or capacitance from stated inputs to tested MATLAB and Python outputs.

System and evidence boundary

Two model boundaries, one review discipline.

Both references keep inputs, transformations, outputs, and omitted effects visible. Their child pages hold the deeper case studies.

Thermal energy balance

01Current + resistanceI²R heat input
02Thermal capacitanceStored cell heat
03Effective cooling hAHeat rejection to ambient
04Temperature traceSensitivity output

DC-link energy and ripple

01Source + converter + loadStated operating boundary
02Capacitor-current waveformIdeal triangular ripple
03Voltage window + pulseEnergy change
04Ripple + minimum CFirst-pass sizing output

Verified results

Figures keep scenario, units, source, and evidence class attached.

Every visual below points to its source data or retained source format and to the release- or commit-specific implementation behind it.

Line plot of lumped cell temperature in degrees Celsius over 900 seconds for effective cooling conductance of 2, 4, and 8 watts per kelvin under an illustrative 80 amp current — Illustrative · regenerated
Cooling-conductance sensitivity

Pinned Python source, default resistance and thermal capacitance, 25 °C ambient, and an 80 A constant-current demonstration. This is a parameter sensitivity, not measured cell data.

Provenance
7d9f61f · 7d9f61f1ebdc · verified 2026-07-28

Reproduce
`python scripts/generate-open-engineering-figures.py --sources-root <audit-root>`

Download source data Download source SVG Download source PNG Inspect repository source

Two-panel plot showing ideal triangular capacitor-current voltage ripple against capacitance and energy-pulse minimum capacitance against allowed bus-voltage drop — Illustrative · regenerated
Ripple and energy-pulse relationships

The plotted waveform, frequency, pulse power, duration, bus voltage, and voltage window are stated on the figure. ESR, ESL, switching spectra, tolerances, aging, and temperature remain outside it.

Provenance
7d9f61f · 7d9f61f1ebdc · verified 2026-07-28

Reproduce
`python scripts/generate-open-engineering-figures.py --sources-root <audit-root>`

Download source data Download source SVG Download source PNG Inspect repository source

Validation and evidence

What passed, what was demonstrated, and what remains unvalidated.

Six dependency-free Python unit tests passed; MATLAB equivalents implement the same documented relationships.

Thermal checks

Three tests verify monotonic bounded heating, stronger-cooling ordering, and zero-current convergence toward ambient.

DC-link checks

Three tests verify the triangular ripple relationship, positive energy-pulse capacitance, and rejection of an invalid voltage drop.

MATLAB parity

The repository supplies MATLAB equivalents for both relationships. The Python suite is the automated source of the six-test count.

Evidence limit

No measured dataset, component tolerance stack, switching model, electrochemistry, CFD, or hardware validation is included.

Shortest verified path

Pin the audited source before running it.

git clone https://github.com/mohammadrezwankhan/battery-power-models.git
cd battery-power-models
git checkout 7d9f61f1ebdca73f9facce5129f79805b1747ed0
python src/battery_thermal.py --current 80 --duration 900 --output thermal_trace.csv
python src/dc_link.py
python -m unittest discover -s tests -v

Verification environment: Python 3.12.13 on Windows 11; MATLAB parity inspected. Commands are concise entry points; repository documentation remains authoritative for setup details.

Documentation map

Go directly to the useful evidence.

Engineering boundary

The artifact cannot qualify the decision by itself.

These references are early sensitivity checks, not production-qualified battery, BMS, inverter, DC-link, or safety models.
Thermal parameters must be replaced by characterized, project-specific values; spatial gradients, reversible heat, contact resistances, aging, and runaway behavior are omitted.
DC-link relationships omit ESR, ESL, harmonic spectra, controller interaction, lifetime, tolerances, temperature, packaging, and fault behavior.
The audited commit contains no project-specific CITATION.cff or contributing guide; cite the pinned repository revision directly when needed.

Related professional context

Follow the evidence into adjacent work.

Use the pinned source, inspect the evidence, and keep project authority with a qualified human reviewer. Open 7d9f61f Return to open engineering